Developmental morphology of the axial skeleton of the. A given batch will contain embryos at a range of developmental stages. Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish charles b. In recent years, the teleost fish danio rerio, known as the zebrafish, has become a favorite organism of those who wish to study vertebrate development. Thise image shows the phenomenon at a relatively more advanced developmental stages, which includes mature sperm s. Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish kimmel. Effects of triclosan on zebrafish earlylife stages and. Historically, vertebrate developmental biology and toxicology has been studied using lowthroughput mammalian models, but the zebrafish danio rerio has emerged as a viable alternative to these conventional models.
The zebrafish book a guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish danio brachydanio rerio by monte westerfield, institute of neuroscience, university of oregon older literature referred to zebrafish as brachydanio rerio. Zebrafish earlylife stages as neurological screening and. In the following discussion, the effects of nitrite are compared to 2,3,7,8tetrachlorobenzopdioxin tcdd and ethanol which have relatively high and low developmental toxicity to zebrafish, respectively. Apr 10, 2014 zebrafish embryos were exposed to concentration ranges of selected thyroidactive model compounds in order to assess the applicability of zebrafish based developmental scoring systems withinan. All orders will be processed in the order received. A genetic screen for mutations affecting embryogenesis in zebrafish. The stage of the embryos was determined by morphological features according to kimmel. Ten wzor oparto na rysunkach odrecznych larwy danio pregowanego z pracy kimmel et al.
The zebrafish model organism database zfin uses the zfa and zfs to annotate phenotype and gene expression data from the primary literature. Tcs has been detected in surface water in several countries, and its ecological impact is largely unknown. Preliminary versions of this series were circulated and published in the zebrafish book. The zebrafish transcriptome during early development the three earliest developmental stages were similar when comparing highly expressed genes, whereas the 50% epiboly stage differed from the other three stages in the identity of highly expressed genes, number of uniquely expressed genes and enrichment of go molecular functions. For developmental studies, that means knowing the precise point in development. In this study rnaseq is used to compare the transcription profiles of four early developmental stages in zebrafish danio rerio on a global scale. Pdf developmental toxicity of thyroidactive compounds in a. Hyperplasia of the myotome initiates with the proliferation of muscle stem cells, which soon after commit to a myogenic pathway and differentiate into. Identification of novel reference genes suitable for qrt. Nine stages of development of zebrafish embryos and larvae covering seven different periods were. The two zebrafish cers3 copies share a weak basic expression in early developmental stages and an expression in the eye and brain at 18. Consequently, we were able to conduct the proteomics analysis of zygotic and cleavage stages of zebrafish for the first time. We define seven broad periods of embryogenesisthe zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula, and hatching periods.
Recently, zebrafish has sparked interest in other branches of the biomedical research. Finally, zebrafish can be used to detect undesirable adverse effects, developmental neurotoxicity or to screen for neuroactive compounds 2526 and these are just a few examples of the numerous possibilities of how zebrafish embryos and larvae can be. Stages are named, not numbered as in most other series, providing for flexibility and continued evolution of the staging series as we learn more about development in this species. Zebrafish ab strain used in the experiments were raised and maintained under standard laboratory conditions of 14 h light10 h darkness at 28. Critical developmental stages for the efficiency of somatic. A several key stages in embryonic development of the zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos mutant for aldh1a2 lack pectoral fins at early stages of development fig2a,b. In the past two decades, zebrafish has become one of the preferred in vivo model organisms for studying diverse processes like embryogenesis 8, 9, autophagy, behaviour 11, 12 and sleep. Zebrafish have been shown to carry highly conserved orthologues in their genome resembling many of the genes associated with various human. Proteomics analysis of early developmental stages of. Select a stage name below to get a detailed description and images. Department of biology, dartmouth college, hanover, nh 03755.
Early development in fish developmental biology ncbi. Jdb free fulltext the developmental phases of zebrafish. Zebrafish international resource center zirc protocols. The zebrafish danio rerio has become a popular model for studying genetics and developmental biology. A guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish danio rerio.
Critical developmental stages for the efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer in zebrafish. Research emphasis and objectives the zebrafish international resource center zirc is housed on the university of oregon campus in eugene its mission is to provide a central repository for wildtype and mutant strains of zebrafish danio rerio and for materials and information about zebrafish research. Zebrafish were exposed to tcdd at 4, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hpf, and individuals were observed microscopically every 24 hr for signs of altered blood flow, erythrocyte number, and mortality fig. Stehr ecotoxicology and environmental fish health program, northwest fisheries science center, national oceanic and atmospheric administration fisheries, 2725 montlake boulevard east, seattle, washington 98112. Zebrafish as a developmental model organism for pediatric. A guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish danio rerio, eugene, university of oregon press. Although the timing of developmental stages is standardized to growth at 28. Effects of nitrite on development of embryos and early larval. The identification of genes with unique and essential functions in the development of the zebrafish, danio rerio.
Most of the proteins identified in the cleavage stages were unique to these stages of development 786 out of 1494. The zebrafish is an omnivorous vertebrates and consumes zooplankton, insects, insect larvae and phytoplankton. The zebrafish anatomy ontology zfa is an obo foundry ontology that is used in conjunction with the zebrafish stage ontology zfs to describe the gross and cellular anatomy and development of the zebrafish, danio rerio, from single cell zygote to adult. Zebrafish danio rerio is a fresh water fish that inhabits rivers in india, pakistan and other places in asia. We describe a series of stages for development of the embryo of the zebrafish, danio brachydanio rerio. These findings indicate different developmental stages of zebrafish may have distinct hypertrophic mechanisms. Identification of novel reference genes suitable for qrtpcr. Female zebrafish spawn every 23 days and produce several hundred eggs in each clutch. The transparency of these animals at early developmental stages permits the direct visualization of tissue morphogenesis at the cellular level. Zebrafish limb development developmental biology interactive. Zebrafish as a model for developmental biology and toxicology.
We first studied the binding characteristics of laminin to. The 5th edition is available in print and within the zfin protocol wiki. In addition, chapters feature explanatory text that highlights major developments in the zebrafish during each stage. Zebrafish have large broods, breed all year, are easily maintained, have transparent embryos that develop outside the mother an important feature for microscopy, and can be raised so that mutants can be readily screened and propagated. Pdf developmental toxicity of thyroidactive compounds. The atlas of zebrafish development aims to provide a reference at the gross anatomical level for the zebrafish, identifying the major anatomical structures in samples covering the range of development from the early embryo until adulthood. Nonetheless, there are specific challenges posed by working with zebrafish at these stages, and this chapter is meant to serve as a primer for those working with larval and juvenile zebrafish. Developmental defects in a zebrafish model for muscular. Notochord degeneration and locomotor defects in zebrafish embryos and larvae carla m. Daji luo 1, 2, wei hu 1, shangping chen 1, zuoyan zhu 1.
The zebrafish is a powerful model organism that enables study of lymphatic vessel development using highresolution imaging and sophisticated genetic and experimental manipulation. Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish june 2015. We first selected 197 most stably expressed genes from an rnaseq dataset 29,291 genes in total, according to the ratio of their maximum to minimum rpkm values. Disruption of erythropoiesis by dioxin in the zebrafish. Zebrafish are a tropical freshwater fish native to southeast asia with a short generation time 34 months and small size 34 cm. The contents are organized by developmental stages, with over 200 images that contain annotations describing anatomical structures relevant to development. Rapid progressive social development of zebrafish zebrafish. The zebrafish, danio rerio, is a fast expanding and extremely valuable model system for studying vertebrate developmental biology. To test this hypothesis, zebrafish at different stages of development were exposed for 1 hr to tcdd, and then followed over time to assess toxicity. We will contact you to arrange shipments when normal operations are resumed. The developmental phases of zebrafish myogenesis mdpi. A full description of social development in zebrafish will be useful for understanding how early genetic and environmental perturbations affect behavioral outcomes.
Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish american. There are several methods for obtaining genomic dna from tail clips provided in the zebrafish book. Identification and expression analysis of the zebrafish. Effects of nitrite on development of embryos and early. Knowledge of normal early developmental stages of zebrafish as a important guideline for the ecotoxicological test. Zebrafish anatomy, lifecycle, development, research and. Zebrafish have a number of characteristics that have made them some of the most ideal organisms for research purposes in fields of genetics, developmental biology, and neurophysiology among others. The virtues of the zebrafish embryo for the study of nervous system development the zebrafish embryo is an excellent material for cellular studies. This indicates a massive dynamics of zebrafish developmental proteome.
An average of 79 m total reads were detected from the different stages. Kimmel 1990 briefly described stages of the blastula and gastrula. In this work, the toxicity of tcs in zebrafish danio rerio, embryos and adults was studied. Zebrafish are ideal for the study of the major stages of development as well as neurodevelopment, having comparable stages and components of the central nervous system to higher vertebrates.
Zebrafish have the ability to regenerate their heart and lateral line hair cells during their larval stages. We define seven broad periods of embryogenesis the. In the present study, we used our previous rnaseq dataset to identify novel reference genes suitable for gene expression analysis during zebrafish early developmental stages. Although several studies have described early lymphatic development in the fish, lymphatic development at later stages has not been completely elucidated. Movie of an immobilized zebrafish embryo development from the 1cell stage to 85 hours post fertilisation hpf. Zfin zygote period description zebrafish information network. The nine images of an embryo are in the order, from left to right, of its developmental stages. Native to south asia, it is a popular aquarium fish, frequently sold under the trade name zebra danio and thus often called a tropical fish although both tropical and subtropical the zebrafish is an important and widely used vertebrate model organism in scientific research, for. Nov 26, 2018 the developmental hourglass model predicts a phylotypic stage during midembryogenesis when species within the same phylum display the greatest level of morphological similarities 1,2. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to concentration ranges of selected thyroidactive model compounds in order to assess the applicability of zebrafish. Early oocytes e are observed in the developing testis at varying incidences 1. The zebrafish in toxicologytestis development wikibooks. Developmental dynamics 203255310 1995 stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish charles b. Critical developmental stages for the efficiency of.
Kimmel cb1, ballard ww, kimmel sr, ullmann b, schilling tf. Out of the total number of reads 65% 73% reads were successfully mapped and 36% 44% out of those were uniquely. The zebrafish danio rerio is a freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family of the order cypriniformes. Mar, 2009 the biocide triclosan tcs is commonly used in personal care, acrylic, plastic, and textiles products. Due to the covid19 pandemic, resource distribution has been suspended and services may be delayed. Questions regarding the relationship between genes and morphology are a driving force behind research in evolution and development carroll et al. The developmental hourglass model predicts a phylotypic stage during midembryogenesis when species within the same phylum display the greatest level of morphological similarities 1,2. The stages, and their names, are based on morphological features, generally readily identified by examination of the live embryo with the dissecting stereomicroscope. The contents are organized by developmental stages, with over. Volhard and dahm, 2002, and because of its basal phylogenetic position within vertebrates, it is a key species for evo. Zebrafish study reveals developmental mechanisms of eye.
An important feature of the organism for neurodevelopmental research is that it has complex, welldefined behaviors. Sep 06, 2016 finally, zebrafish can be used to detect undesirable adverse effects, developmental neurotoxicity or to screen for neuroactive compounds 2526 and these are just a few examples of the numerous possibilities of how zebrafish embryos and larvae can be successfully utilised in early drug discovery. Schilling institute of neuroscience, university of oregon, eugene, or 97403. This material is from the 4th edition of the zebrafish book. Several lethal and sublethal endpoints were analysed in organisms exposed to tcs such as. The chorion swells and lifts away from the newly fertilized egg. The zebrafish, danio rerio, is tropical freshwater fish and a very popular model organism for scientific research in the fields of development, vertebrate processes, genetics, and more. You can also browse the zebrafish anatomical ontology ao to show anatomical terms that are present at that stage. State key laboratory of freshwater ecology and biotechnology, institute of hydrobiology, chinese academy of sciences, wuhan, china 2. Development of the larval lymphatic system in zebrafish. Zebrafish study reveals developmental mechanisms of eye movement date.
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